Green Economic Accounting and reporting through various green growth indicators is needed because it maintains the balance between profit, people, and the planet. This study examines the green growth indicators and economic development from 2010-2019 of four countries in Southeast Asia, namely: Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, and Cambodia. The green growth indicators were examined in four aspects and are measured through the growth rates of environmental and resource productivity, environmental dimension of quality of life, economic opportunities and policy responses, and socio-economic context in specific measures, while the economic development is captured by the growth rates of gross domestic product and gross national income per capita. This paper asserts that the four countries have different economic statuses and green growth performances. It then goes on to claim the following. First, the green growth indicators tested in the study have no significant relationship with the economic development variables. Second, the green growth indicators have no significant influence on the gross domestic product per capita. Third, two of the green growth indicators tested in the study have a significant influence on the growth rates of gross national income per capita. Fourth, the means of green growth indicators and economic development presented in the study are statistically different from each other. Finally, it evaluates whether the green growth indicators can predict the Economic Development of Southeast Asian Countries. The study conducts country-panel regression analyses through random-effects and variability econometrics based on presupposes conceptual basis of empirics and practices.
Community development is seen as a fundamental responsibility of every individual in a society to help in the development of his/her community. Sometimes this development is brought upon by a voluntary individual or group of individuals through Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The NGOs are broadly known for their positive influence on community development. In spite of this, there are diverging views on whether NGOs are for community development or personal development. It is in this context that this paper attempts to discuss and critically evaluate the activities of NGO in West Africa sub-region: their services and contribution in solving developmental challenges of West Africa, the key sectors of the subregion with NGO participation, NGOs success rate in tackling the developmental issues and the state of the sector of intervention. The study also presents the challenges faced by NGOs, the various criticisms made against NGOs and appropriate recommendations on how to scale up NGO impact in achieving sustainable development of West Africa.
This paper aims to determine the optimal level of oil rent having a positive effect on the quality of institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study covers the period 1995 to 2016, for a sample of 12 countries. To achieve this objective, we used the threshold effect model of the DF-GMM estimator inspired by Seo and Shin (2016), put into practice by Seo et al. (2019) in stata. To do this, we used three (03) measures of the quality of institutions namely balance of power, control of corruption and government efficiency. The results of the study show that: i) The direct effect of oil rents on the quality of institutions is negative, supporting the political resource curse hypothesis. ii) The relationship between oil rent and the quality of institutions is positive for a high level of oil rent. In particular, above the threshold of 29.935, 22.526 and 18.263. For the robustness analysis, we conduct a sensitivity analysis using the fixed-effect dynamic threshold model of Couttenier (2012). The results of the analysis confirm those found by the DF-GMM model of Séo and Shin (2016).
Covid - 19 pandemic has wide ranging repercussions including the direct and massive impact on the employment sector. The sudden outbreak of this virus affected the labor market in immeasurable ways and in order to curb this menace, the need of the hour was a nationwide lockdown. As a result, people ran out of jobs and unemployment rates escalated. People were bogged down into situations of poverty, starvation, and misery. Sadly, many of them indulged in activities like robbery, dacoity, etc. in order to sustain and support their families. Thus, covid aftermath wasn’t restricted to rise in unemployment rates, but also led to spike in crime rates in India. Through this paper, we have studied the impact of the pandemic on crime rates. Our paper treats literacy rate, infant mortality rate, per capita income and unemployment rate as factors affecting crime rates, with unemployment rate being a major determinant. Multiple regression model is used to test the hypothesis that the pandemic scaled up unemployment rates, thereby leading to a surge in crime rates.
