VOLUME 7 ISSUE 4 DECEMBER 2022
FRONT PAGES
Comparative analysis of economic productivity in Georgian regions 2010-2020
Zura Gamtenadze & Kristina Khupenia
Pages: 1-7
Published Online: 5 December 2022
The impact of the south-to-north water diversion project on the usage of water-saving irrigation machinery
Hanfang Xu & Zhen Yao
Pages: 9-19
Published Online: 5 December 2022
Organic food products: An analysis of factors affecting the buying behaviour
Gagandeep Kaur & Monika Rana
Pages: 21-30
Published Online: 5 December 2022
Effects of R&D, innovation and investments on development in Türkiye: An empirical investigation for the 1990-2019 period
Ibrahim Aytekin
Pages: 31-41
Published Online: 5 December 2022
Determinants of financial inclusion in Algeria: An ARDL Bounds Test approach
Rahima Benaini & Samiya Metair
Pages: 43-54
Published Online: 5 December 2022
Reinvestments in dentistry and differences between western or central and eastern European countries
Tomas Heryan
Pages: 55-61
Published Online: 5 December 2022
Abstract This paper has focused on the willingness of owners to reinvest their profit back into a company. Research gaps in the investigation of financial issues in the healthcare industry are apparent in the literature. The aim of this paper is to estimate the differences in reinvestments between dentistry companies operating in western or central and eastern Europe (CEE). Annual Orbis data were obtained from financial reports from 3,711 western and 1,173 CEE companies. The generalized method of moments with panel data, currently modified by Kripfganz (2019), has been deployed as the main estimation technique. The estimated sample has been divided according to the return on assets into quartiles. The results clearly show that western owners rather reinvested their earnings back into their businesses, whereas CEE owners reinvest at a lower level. Furthermore, the willingness to reinvest, as well as the financial constraints related to that, can affect the quality of dentistry services.

A comparative analysis of healthcare expenditures in OECD and Türkiye
Abdurrahman Erdal & H. Bayram Isik
Pages: 63-73
Published Online: 5 December 2022
Abstract This study discusses how the health expenditures in OECD countries and Türkiye are financed, and the similarities and differences in health expenditures. With the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 was a year in which the economy slowed down but health expenditures increased. Total health expenditures worldwide reached 8.7 trillion dollars in 2020. In Türkiye, the total health expenditure increased by 24.3% in 2020 compared to the previous year and reached 249 billion 932 million TL. The ratio of current health expenditure to GDP was 4.6% in Türkiye in 2020, while the average of OECD countries was 8.8%. States appear as the party that covers the vast majority of health expenditures. While the ratio of general government health expenditure to total health expenditure in Türkiye is 79.2% in 2020, average of OECD countries is 73%. When inter-country per capita health expenditures are compared, we can see that the inter-country differences are very large and some countries spend only 1% of GDP and some more than 10% of their GDPs for health services. This study covers the data set from year 2000 to 2020, when all health expenditures data are fully available, and analyzes comparatively the health expenditures of the OECD and the Turkish health expenditures during this time period. The results show that Türkiye is in the last place between 2000-2020 in total health expenditures among OECD countries but improving in almost all indicators related to healthcare.

Income smoothing and performances of enterprises: A study of manufacturing firms in Nigeria
Sani Alfred Ilemona
Pages: 75-85
Published Online: 5 December 2022
Abstract The study examined income smoothing and performance of enterprises: A study of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The objective is to determine whether income smoothing has relationship with performance of businesses taking a study of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Using purposively sampling, technique data for five years (2017-2021) on Market Value Per Share (MVPS), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Net Assets Value Per Share (MVPS), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Net and Income (NI) were obtained from the annual reports of selected 20 manufacturing firms quoted on Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) as at 31st December, 2021. The analysis of the data was done using correlation and regression methods. Further, F-test statistics was done to compare variance obtained from the grouped sample. It was found that relationship exist between income smoothing and performance of manufacturing business, it was also found that firms in the high sales bracket presents less variable income numbers in their financial statements implying smoothed income than those manufacturing enterprises in the low sales bracket. The study recommends engagement of qualified and skilled auditors to investors for proper analysis of financial statements of enterprises for identification of smoothed income in the financial statements which in some cases are done fraudulently.

Published Online: 5 December 2022

Published Online: 5 December 2022